The introduction of several generic top-level domains over the years has not stopped the demand for more gTLDsand ICANN has received many proposals for establishment of new top-level domains. Proponents have argued for avariety of models ranging from adoption of policies for unrestricted gTLDs (see above) to chartered gTLDs for specialized uses by specialized organizations. A new initiative started in 2008 foresees astringent application process for new domains that adhere to a restricted naming policy for open gTLDs, community-based domains, and internationalized domain names(IDNs). According to a guidebook published by ICANN,a community-based gTLD is”a gTLD that is operated for the benefit of a defined community consisting of a restricted population.” All other domains fall under the category open gTLD’, which “is one that can be used for any purpose consistent withthe requirements of the application and evaluation criteria, and with the registry agreement. An open gTLD mayor may not have a formal relationship with an exclusive registrant or user population.It may or may not employeligibility or use restrictions.” The establishment of new gTLDs under this program requires the operation of a domain registry and a demonstration of technical and financial capacity for such operations and the management of registrar relationships. A fourth version of the draft applicant guide book (DAG4) was published in May2011.

2008 April The former .um ccTLD for the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands was removed in April 2008. Under RFC 1591 rules .um is eligible as accTLD on request by the relevant governmental agency and local Internet user community.